Surah 2 Al-Baqara — Ayat 213
كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةًۭ وَٰحِدَةًۭ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّۦنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ فِيهِ ۚ وَمَا ٱخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغْيًۢا بَيْنَهُمْ ۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لِمَا ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِۦ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍۢ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ
Manusia itu adalah umat yang satu. (setelah timbul perselisihan), maka Allah mengutus para nabi, sebagai pemberi peringatan, dan Allah menurunkan bersama mereka Kitab yang benar, untuk memberi keputusan di antara manusia tentang perkara yang mereka perselisihkan. Tidaklah berselisih tentang Kitab itu melainkan orang yang telah didatangkan kepada mereka Kitab, yaitu setelah datang kepada mereka keterangan-keterangan yang nyata, karena dengki antara mereka sendiri. Maka Allah memberi petunjuk orang-orang yang beriman kepada kebenaran tentang hal yang mereka perselisihkann itu dengan kehendak-Nya. Dan Allah selalu memberi petunjuk orang yang dikehendaki-Nya kepada jalan yang lurus.
kāna l-nāsu ummatan wāḥidatan fabaʿatha l-lahu l-nabiyīna mubashirīna wamundhirīna wa-anzala maʿahumu l-kitāba bil-ḥaqi liyaḥkuma bayna l-nāsi fīmā ikh'talafū fīhi wamā ikh'talafa fīhi illā alladhīna ūtūhu min baʿdi mā jāathumu l-bayinātu baghyan baynahum fahadā l-lahu alladhīna āmanū limā ikh'talafū fīhi mina l-ḥaqi bi-idh'nihi wal-lahu yahdī man yashāu ilā ṣirāṭin mus'taqīmin
Kata demi kata
- كَانَ kāna Was
- ٱلنَّاسُ l-nāsu mankind
- أُمَّةًۭ ummatan a community
- وَٰحِدَةًۭ wāḥidatan single
- فَبَعَثَ fabaʿatha then raised up
- ٱللَّهُ l-lahu Allah
- ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ l-nabiyīna [the] Prophets
- مُبَشِّرِينَ mubashirīna (as) bearers of glad tidings
- وَمُنذِرِينَ wamundhirīna and (as) warners
- وَأَنزَلَ wa-anzala and sent down
- مَعَهُمُ maʿahumu with them
- ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ l-kitāba the Book
- بِٱلْحَقِّ bil-ḥaqi in [the] truth
- لِيَحْكُمَ liyaḥkuma to judge
- بَيْنَ bayna between
- ٱلنَّاسِ l-nāsi [the] people
- فِيمَا fīmā in what
- ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ ikh'talafū they differed
- فِيهِ ۚ fīhi [in it]
- وَمَا wamā And (did) not
- ٱخْتَلَفَ ikh'talafa differ[ed]
- فِيهِ fīhi in it
- إِلَّا illā except
- ٱلَّذِينَ alladhīna those who
- أُوتُوهُ ūtūhu were given it
- مِنۢ min from
- بَعْدِ baʿdi after
- مَا mā [what]
- جَآءَتْهُمُ jāathumu came to them
- ٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتُ l-bayinātu the clear proofs
- بَغْيًۢا baghyan (out of) jealousy
- بَيْنَهُمْ ۖ baynahum among themselves
- فَهَدَى fahadā And guided
- ٱللَّهُ l-lahu Allah
- ٱلَّذِينَ alladhīna those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟ āmanū believe[d]
- لِمَا limā regarding what
- ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ ikh'talafū they differed
- فِيهِ fīhi [in it]
- مِنَ mina of
- ٱلْحَقِّ l-ḥaqi the Truth
- بِإِذْنِهِۦ ۗ bi-idh'nihi with His permission
- وَٱللَّهُ wal-lahu And Allah
- يَهْدِى yahdī guides
- مَن man whom
- يَشَآءُ yashāu He wills
- إِلَىٰ ilā to
- صِرَٰطٍۢ ṣirāṭin a path
- مُّسْتَقِيمٍ mus'taqīmin straight
Tafsir · Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
Disputing, after the Clear Signs have come, indicates Deviation
Ibn Jarir reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "There were ten generations between Adam and Nuh, all of them on the religion of Truth. They later disputed so Allah sent the Prophets as warners and bringers of glad tidings." He then said that this is how `Abdullah read the Ayah:
كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا
The people were one Ummah and they then disputed.
Al-Hakim recorded this in his Mustadrak and said, "Its chain of narrators is Sahih, but they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it." Abu Ja`far Razi reported that Abu Al-`Aliyah said that Ubayy bin Ka`b read the Ayah as:
كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وُمُنْذِرِينَ
The people were one Ummah and they then disputed and Allah sent the Prophets as warners and bringers of glad tidings.
`Abdur-Razzaq said that Ma`mar said that Qatadah said that Allah's statement:
كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَحِدَةً
(Mankind was one community) means; "They all had the guidance. Then:
فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللهُ النَّبِيِّينَ
They disputed and Allah sent Prophets.
The first to be sent was Nuh."
`Abdur-Razzaq reported that Abu Hurayrah commented on:
فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ
(Then Allah by His leave guided those who believed to the truth of that wherein they differed. ) saying that the Prophet said:
«نَحْنُ الآخِرُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، نَحْنُ أَوَّلُ النَّاسِ دُخُولًا الْجَنَّــةَ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُم أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنا وأُوتِينَاهُ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ، فَهَداَنا اللهُ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقَّ بِإِذْنِهِ، فَهَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ فَهَدَانَا اللهُ لَهُ، فَالنَّاسُ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ، فَغدًا لِلْيَهُودِ، وَبَعْدَ غَدٍ لِلنَّصَارَى»
(We are the last (nation), but the first (foremost) on the Day of Resurrection. We are the first people to enter Paradise, although they (Jews and Christians) have been given the Book before us and we after them. Allah has guided us to the truth wherever they disputed over it. This is the day (Friday) that they disputed about, Allah guided us to it. So, the people follow us, as tomorrow is for the Jews and the day after is for the Christians.)
Ibn Wahb related that `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that his father said about the Ayah:
فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا اخْتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ
(Then Allah by His leave guided those who believed to the truth of that wherein they differed.)
They disputed about the day of Congregation (Friday). The Jews made it Saturday while the Christians chose Sunday. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to Friday. They also disputed about the true Qiblah. The Christians faced the east while the Jews faced Bayt Al-Maqdis. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the true Qiblah (Ka`bah in Makkah). They also disputed about the prayer, as some of them bow down, but do not prostrate, while others prostrate, but do not bow down. Some of them pray while talking and some while walking. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth. They also disputed about the fast; some of them fast during a part of the day, while others fast from certain types of foods. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth. They also disputed about Ibrahim. The Jews said, `He was a Jew,' while the Christians considered him Christian. Allah has made him a Haniyfan Musliman. Allah has guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth.
They also disputed about `Isa. The Jews rejected him and accused his mother of a grave sin, while the Christians made him a god and the son of God. Allah made him by His Word and a spirit from (those He created) Him. Allah guided the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ to the truth."
Allah then said:
بِإِذْنِهِ
(...by His leave) meaning, `By His knowledge of them and by what He has directed and guided them to,' according to Ibn Jarir. Also:
وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ
(And Allah guides whom He wills) means from among His creation. (Allah said:)
إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ
(...to the straight way) meaning, He commands the decision and the clear proof. Al-Bukhari and Muslim reported that `A'ishah narrated that when Allah's Messenger used to wake up at night to pray, he would say:
«اللَّهُمَّ ربَّ جِبْرَائِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، فَاطِرَ السَّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ، اهْدِنِي لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ، إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيم»
(O Allah, the Lord of (angels) Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil, Creator of the heavens and earth and Knower of the seen and the unseen. You judge between Your servants regarding what they have disputed in, so guide me to what have been the subject of dispute of the truth by Your leave. Indeed, You guide whom You will to the straight path.(
A Du`a reads:
«اللَّهُمَّ أَرِنَا الْحَقَّ حَقًّا، وَارْزُقْنَا اتِّبَاعَهُ، وَأَرِنَا الْبَاطِلَ بَاطِلًا، وَارْزُقْنَا اجْتنِاَبَهُ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهُ مُلْتَبِسًا عَلَيْنَا فَنَضِلَّ، وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا»
(O Allah! Show us the truth as truth, and bestow adherence to it on us. Show us the evil as evil, and make us stay away from it, and do not confuse us regarding the reality of evil so that we will not be led astray by it, and make us leaders for the believers.)